CHILE OTORGA RECONOCIMIENTO Y REGULA A LA ACUPUNTURA (2006)

SUBSECRETARÍA DE SALUD PÚBLICA OTORGA RECONOCIMIENTO Y REGULA A LA ACUPUNTURA COMO PROFESIÓN AUXILIAR DE LA SALUD

Ministerio de SaludSantiago, 8 de septiembre de 2006

Decreto:
Artículo 1°.- El presente reglamento regula el ejercicio de la Acupuntura como
profesión auxiliar de la salud, conforme al artículo 3º, del decreto supremo Nº42
de 2004, de este Ministerio de Salud y al artículo 112, inciso segundo del
Código Sanitario, por parte de quienes, con la denominación de Acupunturistas
y cumpliendo los requisitos que esta reglamentación establece, sean
autorizados para ello por la Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Salud
competente, en su calidad de autoridad sanitaria.
Quienes cuenten con un título de Acupunturista, otorgado por algún
establecimiento de educación superior que haya sido reconocido de
conformidad a la ley 18.962, Orgánica Constitucional de Enseñanza, no
requerirán autorización sanitaria para el ejercicio de dicha actividad.

Artículo 5°.- Para obtener la autorización sanitaria destinada al desempeño de
la Acupuntura, se deberá acreditar conocimiento especializado de las
siguientes materias:
1°.- Conocimientos sobre Medicina Tradicional Chin a y Acupuntura.
Los acupunturistas deben contar con un conocimiento profundo de acupuntura
y una capacitación práctica que les permita estar en condiciones de realizar
una atención segura y de calidad a las personas. Para esto deben conocer:
• Teoría básica de la filosofía de la medicina tradicional China, incluyendo
los conceptos de yin-yang, funciones del qi, sangre, fluidos, los cinco
elementos, jin-qi-shen, el sistema de los órganos y el sistema de los
meridianos, su distribución y funciones, causas y mecanismos de desequilibrios
energéticos y el sistema de los meridianos, su distribución y funciones.
• Localización de los puntos, y conocer los códigos alfa-numéricos, su
localización, clasificación, combinación y acciones e indicaciones de los puntos
normalmente utilizados y sus eventuales contraindicaciones.
• Aplicación de los métodos de evaluación del estado de salud, anotación
del historial, inspección por la lengua, palpación, toma de pulsos, auscultación,
olfacción y la diferenciación de agrupaciones de desequilibrios energéticos
propios de la acupuntura.
• Selección de las agujas, la dirección y profundidad de la inserción de las
agujas y su manipulación.
• Utilización adecuada de la moxibustión, las ventosas, la estimulación
eléctrica y por láser, como técnicas complementarias de la acupuntura y sus
contraindicaciones.
• Planificación de la aplicación de la terapia, sobre la base de la teoría de la
medicina tradicional China en cada caso particular.
2.- Conocimiento básico de Ciencias de la Salud occidentales.
Los acupunturistas deben contar con un conocimiento básico en Ciencias de la
Salud occidentales, que les permita relacionarse adecuadamente con los
profesionales del equipo de salud y alcanzar estándares básicos de
capacitación en primeros auxilios. Para esto deben manejar:
• Un conocimiento de los fundamentos de la anatomía humana, de la
fisiología y de los mecanismos básicos de la enfermedad.
• Conocimiento de los principios de higiene, las formas comunes de
enfermedad y sus causas.
• Conocimiento de los principios de Ética en Salud.
• Habilidad para realizar un examen simple pero competente de la persona.
• Capacidad para identificar algunos síntomas y signos de gravedad y actuaren consecuencia.
• Conocimientos generales sobre: Historia y Bases de la Medicina
Occidental, Microbiología (Infectología - Técnicas de Asepsia y Antisepsia),
Salud Pública, Nutrición, Primeros auxilios y derivación de Urgencias Médicas.
Artículo 10.- Quienes cuenten con un título otorgado en el extranjero, podrán
ejercer la Acupuntura, previa autorización concedida por la Secretaría Regional
Ministerial de Salud correspondiente a su domicilio, la que se otorgará una vez
cumplidos los siguientes requisitos:
a) Tratándose de títulos profesionales y técnicos, deberán ser presentados
en un documento legalizado y adjuntando un certificado del organismo
formador, en el que se indique los contenidos y duración del programa
formativo, con un mínimo de 1.600 horas pedagógicas.
c) Que sea aprobado un examen respecto de los conocimientos y competencias a que alude el artículo 5º, en el caso que la autoridad sanitaria
así lo determine, para cuyo efecto ésta constituirá una comisión examinadora de expertos, así como señalará el lugar y la fecha en la cual dicho examen
deba rendirse.

Artículo Segundo Transitorio
Las personas que puedan acreditar la aprobación de un programa de estudios
que incorpore los contenidos a que se refiere el artículo 5º de este Reglamento,
desarrollado con un mínimo de 1.600 horas, dentro del país o en el extranjero,
y puedan acreditar un ejercicio práctico de tales conocimientos por un período
mínimo de cinco años en establecimientos asistenciales públicos o privados
autorizados, podrán presentar tales antecedentes por única vez ante el
Ministerio de Salud, dentro del plazo de tres meses contados desde la vigencia
de este Reglamento.

Anótese, tómese razón y publíquese.- MICHELLE BACHELET JERIA,
Presidenta de la República.- María Soledad Barría Iroume, Ministra de
Salud.

Dr. Zhang Xiaorui, WHO Coordinator of Traditional Medicine

WHO Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine

Various types of traditional medicine (TM) and medical practices referred to as complimentary or alternative medicine (CAM), have being increasingly used in both developing and developed countries. National policies and regulations on TM/CAM could ensure the safety, quality and efficacy of these therapies and products, and function as important steps towards integrative health care systems. However, relatively few countries have developed policies and regulations on TM/CAM so far.

In order to assist Member States in the development of TM/CAM policies and regulations, WHO has published a series of technical guidelines, and reviewed regulations on herbal medicines in the document "Regulatory Situation of Herbal Medicines: a Worldwide Review" (WHO/TRM/98.1) printed in 1998 (also available in French and Spanish).

The present document provides a summary of the legal status of several major practices in TM/CAM from 123 countries, including data on:

• The situation as regards the use of TM/CAM;
• The regulatory situation of TM/CAM remedies and practitioners;
• Health insurance coverage of TM/CAM; and
• Education and training of practitioners of TM/CAM.



http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jh2943e/

WHO/Brazil - Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine (2001)

Brazil

Statistics
In Brazil, there are an estimated 12 000 homeopathic physicians, 200 homeopathic veterinarians, 100 homeopathic dentists, 1300 homeopathic pharmacists, and six homeopathic laboratories (53). There is a chiropractic association in Brazil.
Regulatory situation
Regulations governing traditional medicine in Brazil include La Política de Atención Integral a la Salud Indígena de FUNASA, which promotes respect for the traditional systems of health of indigenous communities (82). In 1980, the Brazilian Medical Association recognized homeopathy as a medical speciality. In 1988, the Government recognized homeopathy and included it in the National Health System (86). Since 1995, the Federal Council of Pharmacy has recognized and standardized the title of "Specialist in Homeopathic Pharmacy" (53).
Education and training
As of 1991, physicians seeking homeopathic specialization must complete a 1200-hour course: 450 hours of theory, 450 hours of practice, and 300 hours of monographs. The Feevale Central University and University of Anhembi Morumbi offer chiropractic programmes recognized by the World Federation of Chiropractic.



 http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/h2943e/h2943e.pdf

Filipinas - Lei da Medicina Tradicional e Alternativa (1997)

Em 1992 o Departamento de Saúde Filipino através de seu ex-secretário Juan M. Flavier, lançou o Programa de Medicina Tradicional, reconhecendo a profundamente arraigada prática da medicina tradicional como uma modalidade alternativa para o tratamento e prevenção de doenças nas Filipinas.

Programa com objetivo de promover a utilização eficaz e segura da Medicina Tradicional.

Em 1997 o presidente Fidel V. Ramos, apreciando a importância do Programa de Medicina Tradicional  transformou-o em lei através do Repúblic Act 8423 (RA 8423), também conhecido como a Lei

da Medicina Tradicional e Alternativa, que deu origem à criação do Instituto Filipino de Cuidados de Saúde Tradicional e Alternativo que é encarregado de promover e defender o uso de modalidades de cuidados de saúde tradicionais e alternativas através da pesquisa científica e desenvolvimento de produtos.
http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/philippineherbalmedicine.htm

Philippines -Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (1997)

In recognition of the deep seated practice of traditional medicine as an alternative modality for treating and preventing diseases in the Philippines, the Department of Health (DOH) through its former Secretary Juan M. Flavier launched the Traditional Medicine Program in 1992. This program aims to promote an effective and safe use of traditional medicine.
Then President Fidel V. Ramos appreciated the importance of the traditional medicine program and signed into law Republic Act 8423 (R.A. 8423), otherwise known as the Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA) of 1997. This gave rise to the creation of Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) which is tasked to promote and advocates the use of traditional and alternative health care modalities through scientific research and product development.

http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/philippineherbalmedicine.htm



10 Medicinal Plants in the Philippines

Since then the Philippine Department of Health (DOH) through its "Traditional Health Program" has endorsed 10 medicinal plants to be used as herbal medicine in Philippines due to its health benefits.
The following are the 10 Medicinal Plants in the Philippines endorsed by DOH:

1. Akapulko (Cassia alata) a medicinal plant called "ringworm bush or schrub" and "acapulco" in English, this Philippine herbal medicine is used to treat tinea infections, insect bites, ringworms, eczema, scabies and itchiness.
2. Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) Common names include "bitter melon " or "bitter gourd " in English. This Philippine herbal medicine has been found to be effective in the treatment of diabetes (diabetes mellitus), hemofrhoids, coughs, burns and scalds, and being studied for anti-cancer properties.
3. Bawang (Allium sativum) Common name in english is "Garlic". Bawang is a used in Philippine herbal medicine to treat infection with antibacterial, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-hypertensive properties. It is widely used to reduce cholesterol level in blood.
4. Bayabas (Psidium guajava) - "Guava" in English. A Philippine herbal medicine used as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, antioxidant hepatoprotective, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, anti-plasmodial, anti-cough, antidiabetic, and antigenotoxic in folkloric medicine.
5. Lagundi (Vitex negundo) - known as "5-leaved chaste tree" in english is used in Philippine herbal medicine to treat cough, colds and fever. It is also used as a relief for asthma & pharyngitis, rheumatism, dyspepsia, boils, and diarrhea.
6. Niyog-niyogan (Quisqualis indica L.) - is a vine known as "Chinese honey suckle". This Philippine herbal medicine is used to eliminate intestinal parasites.
7. Sambong (Blumea balsamifera)- English name: "Ngai camphor or Blumea camphor" is a Philippine herbal medicine used to treat kidney stones, wounds and cuts, rheumatism, anti-diarrhea, anti spasms, colds and coughs and hypertension
8. Tsaang Gubat (Ehretia microphylla Lam.) - English :"Wild tea" is a Philippine herbal medicine taken as tea to treat skin allergies including eczema, scabies and itchiness wounds in child birth
9. Ulasimang Bato | Pansit-Pansitan (Peperomia pellucida) is a Phillipine herbal medicine known for its effectivity in treating arthritis and gout.
10. Yerba Buena (Clinopodium douglasii) - commonly known as Peppermint, is used in Philippine herbal medicine as analgesic to relive body aches and pain due to rheumatism and gout. It is also used to treat coughs, colds and insect bites



http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/philippineherbalmedicine.htm

67th World Health Assembly

WHO: Interview Dr Roberto Morales Ojeda, President 67th World Health Assembly

http://youtu.be/4sGh-OIZ-fQ

Traditional Medicine MUTHI

HEARTH

The heart is deceitful above all things, and incurable.

who can know it?

Jeremiah 17:9

WHO’s Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014–2023 approved by WHA

World Health Assembly progress on noncommunicable diseases and traditional medicine

23 May 2014 | GENEVA - The World Health Assembly continued progress Friday, approving plans to better incorporate palliative care, expand inclusion of the needs of those affected by autism, improve access to health care for those with disabilities, better integrate the use of traditional medicine and raise awareness of psoriasis. 

Traditional medicine

The Health Assembly approved WHO’s Traditional Medicine strategy 2014–2023. 

Traditional medicine covers a wide variety of therapies and practices which vary from country to country and region to region. The strategy aims to build the knowledge base for national policies and strengthen quality assurance, safety, proper use and effectiveness of traditional and complementary medicine through regulation. It also aims to promote universal health coverage by integrating traditional and complementary medicine services into health care service delivery and home care.

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/WHA-20140523/en/#

NICARAGUA APROVA LEI DE MEDICINA TRADICIONAL (2011)

A Lei de Medicina Tradicional e Ancestral foi aprovada em março de 2011 em sua totalidade pelo plenário da Assembleia Nacional

Destina-se a reconhecer, respeitar , proteger e promover as práticas e expressões da medicina tradicional em todas as especialidades , os efeitos da presente lei promovem o uso de medicamentos tradicionais à base de derivados de plantas, animais e minerais , ou qualquer combinação dos mesmos, em termos de qualidade, segurança , acessibilidade e prestação de contas.
Esta lei irá também garantir o alinhamento e articulação de conhecimentos e práticas dos sistemas de saúde tradicionais entre si e com o sistema nacional de saúde.

A LEI ESTABELECE O MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE PARA CERTIFICAR  as pessoas que praticam a medicina tradicional para prestar atendimento a população.

Lei estabelece TAMBÉM que o Ministério da Saúde na rede de unidades de serviços públicos de saúde deve incorporar em seus cuidados- com a autorização dos médicos tradicionais , o uso da medicina tradicional de adaptando políticas e planos estratégicos do Ministério da Saúde para esta disposição.

OS POVOS INDÍGENAS E AFRODESCENDENTES QUE SE BENEFICIARAM DESTA LEI SÃO principalmente os Mikitu, Sumu, Mayagnas, Rama, Garifuna, crioulo, Chorotegas, Cacaoperas , Nahoas e Xiu, PORQUE NESTAS COMUNIDADES PREDOMINA A MEDICINA TRADICIONAL.

Esta lei cobra o Estado a agir no sentido de proteção, preservação, promoção, educação, pesquisa e disseminação do conhecimento tradicional e da medicina tradicional e protecção dos direitos de propriedade intelectual, incluindo práticas e processos e recursos e étnica bio integração de estruturas, instituições, planos, programas, projetos e serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Fonte: Asamblea Nacional de la República de Nicaragua

http://traditionalmedicina.blogspot.com.br/2014/05/nicaragua-traditional-and-ancient.html

Can Andean Medicine Coexist With Biomedical Healthcare? A Comparison Of Two Rural Communities In Peru And Bolivia

Conclusions: The take-home lesson for health policy-makers from this study is that the main obstacle to improved use of biomedicine in resource-poor rural areas might not be infrastructural or economic alone. Rather, it may lie in lack of sufficient recognition by biomedical practitioners of the value and importance of indigenous medical systems. We propose that the implementation of health care in indigenous communities be designed as a process of joint development of complementary knowledge and practices from indigenous and biomedical health traditions.

Sarah-Lan Mathez-Stiefel, Ina Vandebroek, and Stephan Rist, 2012

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15782:south-america-can-andean-medicine-coexist-with-biomedical-healthcare-a-comparison-of-two-rural-communities-in-peru-and-bolivia&catid=23:south-america-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=56



Medicinal Use Of Fauna By A Traditional Community In The Brazilian Amazonia

Conclusions: This study shows that the local fauna represents an important medicinal resource for the inhabitants of the protected area. The combined use of the UV and MAV indices allowed identifying the species with the highest therapeutic potential. This type of information about a species may be of interest to pharmacological research, and is crucial to its conservation, since it helps signaling the species that may undergo higher hunting pressures. Data on zootherapy can also be of interesting to ecologists by contributing to indicators of local biodiversity richness.

Flávio B Barros, Susana A M Varela, Henrique M Pereira, and Luís A Vicente, 2012
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine



http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16354:brazil-medicinal-use-of-fauna-by-a-traditional-community-in-the-brazilian-amazonia&catid=23:south-america-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=56

Amapa: The Participation Of Wajapi Women From The State Of Amapa (Brazil) In The Traditional Use Of Medicinal Plants

Results and conclusions: The findings fell into the following three categories: 1) The daily use of medicinal plants by women and main methods of application. In this category, the botanical families found included Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae, Anacardiaceae, Meliaceae, and Rubiaceae. The main forms of use found were teas, baths, maceration, in natura, and juices; 2) Through analysis of illness and treatment records, a lack of knowledge integration in the health system was shown to be due to a variety of gaps and the need of health professionals to be more aware about the local culture which they intend to work with, what could decrease the prevailing barriers between the social groups involved; 3) Traditional knowledge and possible sustainability can be fostered by stimulating the transmission of traditional knowledge from generation to generation, therefore reducing the dependence on industrialized medicines and also by maintaining an appreciation of those practices among youngsters, who tend to question them.

Nely Dayse da Mata, Rosinaldo Silva de Sousa, Fábio F Perazzo, and José Carlos Carvalho, 2012

http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16997:amapa-the-participation-of-wajapi-women-from-the-state-of-amapa-brazil-in-the-traditional-use-of-medicinal-plants-a-case-study&catid=23:south-america-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=56

Paraíba: Traditional Uses Of Medicinal Animals In The Semi-Arid Region Of Northeastern Brazil

The present work presents an inventory of the traditional medicinal uses of animals in the municipality of Bom Sucesso in Paraiba State (PB) in the semiarid northeastern region of Brazil. Information was obtained through the use of semi-structured interviews with 50 people who use zootherapeutic products. A total of 25 animal species used for medicinal purposes were identified (18 vertebrates and seven invertebrates) distributed among five taxonomic categories; the groups with the largest numbers of citations were: mammals (8 citations), insects (7), and reptiles (5). The most cited animal species were: Tubinambis merianae "teju" lizards (44 citations); Apis mellifera Italian honeybees (318 citations); Gallus gallus chickens (31 citations); Ovis aries sheep (31 citations); Crotalus durissus rattlesnakes (14 citations); Boa constrictor (12 citations); and Bos taurus cattle (12 citations). A significant number of illnesses and conditions treated with animal-based medicines were cited, and the category with the greatest number of citations was "problems affecting the respiratory system". Our results suggest that the use of zootherapeutics in the region is persistent, and that knowledge about these curative practices is an integral part of the regional culture. As such, studies concerning the uses of zootherapeutics are important windows to understanding human/environmental/cultural interactions and a pathway to conciliating regional cultures with efforts to conserve the native fauna.

Rômulo RN Alves, Rita O Sousa Neta, Dilma MBM Trovão, Jose EL Barbosa, Adrianne T Barros, and Thelma LP Dias, 2012

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16475:paraiba-traditional-uses-of-medicinal-animals-in-the-semi-arid-region-of-northeastern-brazil&catid=23:south-america-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=56

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Cuba

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e565NFjgllw

China: Eating From The Wild - Diversity Of Wild Edible Plants Used By Tibetans In Shangri-la Region

Yan Ju, Jingxian Zhuo, Bo Liu, and Chunlin Long, 2013

Conclusion: Wild food plants species are abundant and diverse in Shangri-la region. They provide food and nutrients to local people and could also be a source of cash income. However, both WEPs and their associated indigenous knowledge are facing various threats. Thus, conservation and sustainable utilization of these plants in this area are of the utmost importance. Documentation of these species may provide basic information for conservation, possibly further exploitation, and will preserve local traditional knowledge.

http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17556:china-eating-from-the-wild-diversity-of-wild-edible-plants-used-by-tibetans-in-shangri-la-region-yunnan-china&catid=31:asia-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=64



Nicaragua: Traditional And Ancient Medicine Law Approved

25 April 2011

The Traditional and Ancient Medicine Law was approved this March 29 in its entirety by the plenary National Assembly. It aims to recognize, respect, protect and promote the practices and expressions of traditional medicine in all specialties, the purposes of this law are noted for promoting the use of traditional medicines based on derivatives of plants, animals and minerals or any combination thereof, in terms of quality, safety, accessibility and accountability.

 

Source: Asamblea Nacional de la República de Nicaragua



http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10058:nicaragua-traditional-and-ancient-medicine-law-approved&catid=30&Itemid=63

Nicaragua Moves to Preserve and Promote Traditional Medicines

5.14.11Some interesting news concerning traditional medicine came out of Nicaragua recently. In late March, the National Assembly approved the Traditional and Ancient Medicine Law. According to a translation provided by Indigenous Peoples Issues and Resources:

It aims to recognize, respect, protect and promote the practices and expressions of traditional medicine in all specialties, the purposes of this law are noted for promoting the use of traditional medicines based on derivatives of plants, animals and minerals or any combination thereof, in terms of quality, safety, accessibility and accountability.

This law will also ensure alignment and articulation of knowledge and practices of traditional health systems among themselves and with the national health system, establishing the Ministry of Health to certify people who practice traditional medicine to provide care to population.many of the younger generations are turning to wage employment and moving to urban centers, which typically leaves little time for learning traditions. Further, as traditional medical practitioners have historically served their communities whether payment was available or not, in today's economy, traditional healing does not necessarily represent a way to generate income.  practices among the younger generations.

 

 

http://www.recycledminds.com/2011/05/nicaragua-moves-to-preserve-and-promote.html

How the WHO is Supporting the Popularization of Traditional Medicine .

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Qq2ePyoj_s

WHO Promotes Traditional Medicines

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFj9Pn5Dpbc

Tratamento de diabetes absorve quase a metade do orçamento da saúde

Nenhum país, não importa o quão rico, pode seguir  seu caminho sem enfrentar a crise  do câncer.  

É necessário um maior compromisso com a prevenção.

O mesmo é verdadeiro para doenças cardíacas, diabetes e doenças pulmonares crônicas.  

Em alguns países de renda média, só o tratamento de diabetes está absorvendo quase a metade de todo o orçamento da saúde.

Dra. Margaret Chan
Diretora-Geral da Organização Mundial da Saúde

 http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2014/wha-19052014/en/

OMS - Relatório Mundial do Câncer 2014 e a prevenção

"É necessário um maior compromisso com a prevenção"

O Relatório Mundial do Câncer 2014 emitido pela Agência Internacional da OMS para Pesquisa sobre o Câncer provocou um alarme considerável.

O número de novos casos de câncer atingiu seu ponto mais alto e deverá continuar a subir.  

Os países em desenvolvimento agora respondem por cerca de 70% de todas as mortes por câncer.  

Muitas destas pessoas morrem sem tratamento, nem mesmo o alívio da dor.

As estimativas para 2010 indicavam que o câncer custaria à economia mundial cerca de US$ 1,2 trilhão. 

Nenhum país, não importa o quão rico, pode seguir  seu caminho sem enfrentar a crise  do câncer.  

É necessário um maior compromisso com a prevenção.

Dra. Margaret Chan
Diretora-Geral da Organização Mundial da Saúde

 http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2014/wha-19052014/en/